5 問題與展望
目前對膽囊癌的早期診斷依然困難,繼續(xù)深入開展對膽囊癌致病高危因素的基礎(chǔ)與臨床研究,對膽囊癌二級預(yù)防有重要意義。作為膽囊癌綜合治療的一部分,免疫療法、溫?zé)岑煼ㄒ约爸兴幹委煻加袌?bào)道。
尤其是近年來,隨著分子生物學(xué)的迅猛發(fā)展,腫瘤的基因治療正逐漸發(fā)展成為腫瘤治療的一種新的手段。基因治療在膽道惡性腫瘤的治療方面也開展了一些相關(guān)研究,如抑癌基因治療、自殺基因聯(lián)合放射治療等,有望為膽道腫瘤的治療帶來新的突破。隨著國人膽囊癌細(xì)胞系的建立,圍繞膽囊癌的生物學(xué)特征展開了深入細(xì)致的研究,并與腫瘤相關(guān)基因的研究相結(jié)合或建立動模模型,從細(xì)胞凋亡、細(xì)胞周期調(diào)控以及細(xì)胞外微環(huán)境等方面試圖探索膽囊癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制。手術(shù)也應(yīng)借助影像學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展,開辟外科研究的新領(lǐng)域,從手術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)到模擬手術(shù)、從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測到意外預(yù)案,為術(shù)者提供手術(shù)操作的精確范圍,也為患者提供更安全的圍手術(shù)期以及更好的預(yù)后。利用各種生物反應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)劑如干擾素、白介素等提高機(jī)體免疫、改善病情、延長生存期、提高生存質(zhì)量,有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。
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