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中醫(yī)的基本特點 |
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The Basic Characteristics of TCM |
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中醫(yī)以整體觀念和陰陽五行學說為指導思想和理論方法，以臟腑經絡學說為理論核心，以辨證論治為診療方法。與西醫(yī)學相比，它的特點主要表現在整體觀念和辨證論治兩個方面。 |
The complete system of Traditional Chinese Medicine was formed with yin-yang and five elements theory being the guidance and theoretical method, viscera and meridian theories the theoretical core, and syndrome differentiation the way of disease treating. Compared with the Western medicine, TCM’s characteristic lies primarily in its holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. | |
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整體觀念：整體觀念是中醫(yī)學對人體本身的統(tǒng)一性和完整性，以及對人與自然界相互關系的整體認識。它認為，人體與外界環(huán)境是一個統(tǒng)一的有機的整體，而人體本身又是這一巨大體系的縮影，也是一個統(tǒng)一的有機整體。 |
Holism: The holism refers to the unity and integration of the body, and the relationship of the natural world to the human being. It holds that the body and the external environment together create an organic whole and that the body, while epitomizing the larger universe, is a unique organic whole by itself. | |
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整體觀念認為，人體是具有不同生理功能的各種臟腑組織和器官所組成的整體。他們相互作用，構成整體，并通過相互協(xié)調保持機體平衡。它們彼此之間在生理上相互聯系、相互制約，共同維持其生理活動的協(xié)調平衡，在病理上又相互影響，產生復雜的病理反應。這種整體的聯系或影響是以五臟為中心，通過經絡系統(tǒng)的聯絡作用而實現的，具體表現在生理、病理、診斷和治療等各個方面。 |
The holism of TCM holds that the body is the integration of various viscera, tissues and organs with separate physiological functions. They interact to make up an entire system and keep balance through physiological coordination. They are physiologically interrelated and mutually restricted to maintaining the physiologically coordinated activities of the body and produce pathologically complicated reactions. This integrated relationship is centered around the five zang-viscera and achieved through the connecting action of the meridian system, presenting itself in physiological, pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic areas. | |
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如中醫(yī)生理學整體觀認為，人體是一個動態(tài)平衡的產物，并通過陰陽對立統(tǒng)一、陰平陽秘等理論說明機體陰陽兩方面之間的相對動態(tài)平衡，并用五行的生克㓡化理論來揭示臟腑系統(tǒng)之間相輔相成、制約調控的整體關系。 |
According to the holism of TCM, the body is the product of the dynamic balance, It uses the theories of unity of opposites of yin and yang and calm of yin and steadiness of yang to explain how the body keeps an dynamic balance between yin and yang. It reveals the holistic relationship of cooperation and coordination, interaction and regulation between the zang-viscera and the fu-viscera through the theory of generation and restraint of Five Elements. | |
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辨證論治：辨證論治是中醫(yī)的特有特征，是中醫(yī)理論在臨床實踐中的具體應用。辨證論治的主旨就在于分析和辨別疾病的證候、討論和確定治療法則與具體治療方法。辨證是治療的前提和基礎，論治是治愈疾病的手段和方法。 |
Treatment based upon syndrome differentiation: Treatment based upon syndrome differentiation is the distinguishing feature of TCM and represents the application of TCM theories in clinical practice. It mainly focuses on the analysis and differentiation of syndromes, discussion and determination of the treatment, and practice of specific therapies, in which syndrome differentiation is the premise and basis of treatment while treatment the medium and method of curing disease.醫(yī)學 全在.線提供 | |
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辨證就是將四診（望、聞、問、切)所收集的有關疾病資料，包括各種癥狀、體征等，加以分析、綜合，判斷為某種性質的“證候”，以探求疾病的本質。證與癥是兩個不同的概念。癥是癥狀或體征，如頭痛、咳嗽等。證或證候是指人體在疾病發(fā)展過程某一階段所出現的一組有機聯系癥狀的病理概括。它能夠辯證地分析特定疾病的病變部位、原因、性質及其邪正關系，能夠在一定程度上反映出疾病發(fā)展過程中某一階段病理變化的本質，因此，“證”比“癥狀”能更全面、更深刻、更準確地揭示疾病的發(fā)展過程和本質。 |
Syndrome differentiation is a process where doctors analyze and summarize the relevant information gathered from the four diagnostic methods (inspection, auscultation and olfaction, interrogation, and pulse feeling and palpation), including all symptoms and signs, make judgment of the properties of the syndromes based on this information, and probe into the essence of the disease. Syndrome is different from symptom in TCM. Symptom refers to the clinical manifestations of a disease, such as cough, vomiting. Syndrome, on the other hand, refers to the pathological generalization of a group of closely related symptoms on a given stage in the course of disease development. Since syndrome demonstrates the specific part, cause, and property of a disease and the relationship between healthy and pathogenic factors and reflects the essence of pathological changes at a given point of disease’s development, it can, rather than a symptom, provide a more comprehensive, further-reaching and more accurate view of the course and essence of a disease. |
