喻昌曰∶醫(yī)仁術(shù)也,仁人君子,必篤于情。篤于情,則視人猶己,問(wèn)其所苦,自無(wú)不到之處。古人閉戶塞牖,系之病者,數(shù)問(wèn)其情,以從其意,誠(chéng)以得其歡心。則問(wèn)者不覺(jué)煩,病者不覺(jué)厭,庶可詳求本末,而治無(wú)誤也。如嘗貴后賤,病名脫營(yíng)。嘗富后貧,病名失精。以及形志苦樂(lè),病同法異;飲食起居,失時(shí)過(guò)節(jié);憂愁恐懼,蕩志離魂;所喜所惡,氣味偏殊;所宜所忌,稟性迥異;不問(wèn)何以zxtf.net.cn/jianyan/相zxtf.net.cn/rencai/體裁方耶?所以入國(guó)問(wèn)俗,入家問(wèn)諱,上堂問(wèn)禮,臨病患問(wèn)所便。便者,問(wèn)其居處動(dòng)靜陰陽(yáng)寒熱性情之宜。如問(wèn)其為病熱,則便于用寒;問(wèn)其為病寒,則便于用熱之類,所謂順而施之也。人多偏執(zhí)己見(jiàn),逆之則拂其意,順之則加其病,莫如之何。然茍?jiān)O(shè)誠(chéng)致問(wèn),明告以如此則善,如彼則敗,誰(shuí)甘死亡,而不降心以從耶?至于受病情形,百端難盡。如初病口大渴,久病口中和,若不問(wèn)而概以常法治之,寧不傷人乎?如未病素脾約,才病忽便利,若不問(wèn)而計(jì)日以施治,寧不傷人乎,如未病先有錮疾,已病重添新患,若不問(wèn)而概守成法治之,寧不傷人乎?如疑難證,著意對(duì)問(wèn),不得其情,他事間言,反呈真面。若不細(xì)問(wèn),而急遽妄投,寧不傷人乎?病形篇謂問(wèn)其病,知其處,命曰工。今之稱為工者,問(wèn)非所問(wèn)。諛佞其間,病者欣然樂(lè)從。及病增更醫(yī),亦復(fù)如是。乃至 徨醫(yī)藥,偶遇明者,仍復(fù)不投。此宜委曲開(kāi)導(dǎo),如對(duì)君父,未可飄然自外也。更可怪者,無(wú)知戚友探問(wèn),忘其愚陋,強(qiáng)逞明能,言虛道實(shí),指火稱痰,抑孰知其無(wú)責(zé)而易言耶?坐令根據(jù)傍迎合,釀成末流,無(wú)所底止,良足悼矣。吾徒其明以律己,誠(chéng)以動(dòng)人,共砥狂瀾乎。
【律一條】
凡治病,不問(wèn)病患所便,不得其情,草草診過(guò),用藥無(wú)據(jù),多所傷殘,醫(yī)之過(guò)也。