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經(jīng)絡是經(jīng)脈和絡脈的總稱，是人體聯(lián)絡、運輸和傳導的體系。經(jīng)，有路徑的含義，經(jīng)脈貫通上下，溝通內(nèi)外，是經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)中的主干；絡，有網(wǎng)絡的含義，絡脈是經(jīng)脈別出的分支，較經(jīng)脈細小，縱橫交錯，遍布全身。《靈樞·脈度》說：“經(jīng)脈為里，支而橫者為絡，絡之別者為孫。”
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 The Meridians is a comprehensive term of "Jingluo" in Traditional Chinese Medicine. They are the passages through which the Qi can be conducted. The meridians mainly refer to the paths of main trunks which run up and down, interiorly and exteriorly within the body. The branches of meridians are called collaterals which imply the networks, thinner and smaller than meridians, run crisscrossly over the body. The chapter, Discussion on the Measurement of Meridians(Chapter 17)in Miraculous Pivot says: "The meridians are internal trunks, its transversing branches are collaterals, the subdivisions of collaterals are minute collaterals."
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經(jīng)絡內(nèi)屬于臟腑，外絡于肢節(jié)，溝通于臟腑與體表之間，將人體臟腑組織器官聯(lián)系成為一個有機的整體；并借以行氣血，營陰陽，使人體各部的功能活動得以保持協(xié)調(diào)和相對的平衡。 |
The meridians and its collaterals belong to the Zang-Fu organs interiorly and extend to the extremities and joints exteriorly integrating the Zang, the Fu, tissues and organs into an organic whole, by which they transport Qi of blood and regulate Yin and Yang, keeping the functions and activities of all parts of the body in harmony and balance relatively. |
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經(jīng)絡學說是研究人體經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)的循行分布、生理功能、病理變化及其與臟腑相互關系的一種理論，多少年來一直指導著中醫(yī)各科的診斷與治療，其與針灸學科關系尤為密切。
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The theory of the meridians deals with the courses and distributions, physiological functions, pathological changes of tile meridians of the human body, and their relations to the ZangFu organs. It guides the diagnosis and treatment for clinic of Traditional Chinese Medicine and it links tightly with the theory of acupuncture.
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經(jīng)絡學說的形成
經(jīng)絡學說是我國勞動人民通過長期的醫(yī)療實踐，不斷觀察總結而逐步形成的。根據(jù)文獻分析，其形成途徑如下：①“針感”等傳導的觀察：針剌時產(chǎn)生酸、麻、重、脹等感應，這種感應常沿著—定路線向遠部傳導；②腧穴療效的總結：主治范圍相似的腧穴往往有規(guī)律地排列在—條路線上；③體表病理現(xiàn)象的推理：某一臟器發(fā)生病變，在體表相應部位可有壓痛、結節(jié)、皮疹、色澤改變等現(xiàn)象，也是發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)絡系統(tǒng)的途徑之一；④解剖，生理知識的啟發(fā)：古代醫(yī)家通過解剖,在一定程度上認識了內(nèi)臟的位置、形態(tài)及某些生理功能，觀察到人體分布著很多管狀和條索狀結構，并與四肢聯(lián)系，觀察到某些脈管內(nèi)血液流動的現(xiàn)象。
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Development of the Theory of the Meridians
The theory of the meridians is formed through longtime practice and observation of Chinese people. Based on the analysis of records, the formation is as follows:
1. Observation of Needling Sensation: Acupuncture produces sensation of soreness, numbness, distension or heaviness. This sensation usually goes to the distal region along a definite pathway.
2. The Summary of the Therapeutic Effects of Acupoint: The acupoints which have similar clinical effects are regularly lined on the same course.
3. Reference of the Pathological Phenomenon on the Body Surface: When there appears the disorder in a certain organ, then on the corresponding areas of the body surface appear tenderness, tubercles, skin rash and changes of the skin color, this is also another way of discovering the system of meridians.
4. Suggestions from knowledge of Anatomy and Physiology:With the help of anatomy. Chinese doctors in ancient times got to know the position, the appearance and some physiological functions of internal organs, and observed the tunnellike and the cordlike structures are distributed over the body and connected with four limbs as well. The phenomenon of the circulation of blood can be seen in same blood vessels. |
