芻議急性胰腺炎的病例診治
摘要:急性胰腺炎是消化系統(tǒng)常見疾病,也是臨床較常見的急腹癥之一,隨著人民生活水平的提高,其發(fā)病率在近幾年來出現(xiàn)明顯的增加的趨勢。本文的論述主 要是為了探討老年人急性胰腺炎的臨床特點。分析26例老年人急性胰腺炎的臨床特點,與同期其它年齡的胰腺炎病人做對照。老年人急性胰腺炎臨床特點與其他年 齡組不同。老年人急性胰腺炎多病共存等特點比較突出醫(yī)學(xué)全在線zxtf.net.cn,病情重,病死率高。因此,充分了解和掌握其特點,進(jìn)行正確的診斷和治療,對減少患者并發(fā)癥,提高患者 生存率尤為重要。
關(guān)鍵詞:胰腺炎;老年人;臨床特點
Abstract:Acute pancreatitis is a common disease of digestive system and it is one of more common clinical acute abdomen.With the improvement of people's living standard,the incidence of acute pancreatitis in recent years increased in the apparent trend.This paper is mainly to discuss the clinical characteristics of senile acute pancreatitis.It is included that an analysis of 26 cases of elderly patients with acute pancreatitis clinical features and its ruslet of compared to other age pancreatitis patient controlled.The senile acute pancreatitis clinical features with other age groups is different, It’s more outstanding, severe illness than the other. Their multiple coexisting characteristics,and the most important the case fatality rate is high.Therefore, there are some points must be known well to fully understand and master its characteristic and the key of Correct diagnosis and treatment,then to us ,it’s the best way to reduce the complications in patients and improve the survival rate of the patients.
Key words: Pancreatitis;Aged;Clinical characteristics
【中圖分類號】R576 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A 【文章編號】1674-7526(2012)12-0022-02
0 概述
胰腺是人體第二大消化腺體,是消化作用最強的器官。它所分泌的胰液是人體最重要的消化液。在正常情況下,胰液在其腺體組織中含有不活動即無活 性的胰酶原。胰液沿胰腺管道不斷地經(jīng)膽總管奧狄氏括約肌流入十二指腸,由于十二指腸內(nèi)有膽汁存在醫(yī)學(xué)全在線zxtf.net.cn,加上十二指腸壁粘膜分泌一種腸激酶,在二者的作用下,胰 酶原開始轉(zhuǎn)變成活性很強的消化酶。如果流出道受阻,排泄不暢,即可引起胰腺炎。
胰腺炎一般情況下,胰管和膽管雖然都經(jīng)過一條通道流入十二指腸,但由于胰管內(nèi)的壓力高于膽管內(nèi)的壓力,膽汁不會反流入胰管內(nèi)。只有當(dāng)奧狄氏括 約肌痙攣或膽管內(nèi)壓力升高,如結(jié)石,腫瘤阻塞,膽汁才會反流入胰管并進(jìn)入胰腺組織,此時,膽汁內(nèi)所含的卵磷脂被胰液內(nèi)所含的卵磷脂酶A分解為溶血卵磷脂, 可對胰腺產(chǎn)生毒害作用;蛘吣懙栏腥緯r,細(xì)菌可釋放出激酶將胰酶激活,同樣可變成能損害和溶解胰腺組織的活性物質(zhì)。這些物質(zhì)將胰液中所含的胰酶原轉(zhuǎn)化成胰 蛋白酶,此酶消化活性強,滲透入胰腺組織引起自身消化,亦可引起胰腺炎。