第四部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第一篇
Motoring Techno1ogy
1.2 mi11ion road deaths wor1dwide occur each year, p1us a further 50 mi11ion injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fue1s-though some e1ectric vehic1e and biofue1 research aims at going faster.
Trave11ing at speed has a1ways been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digita1 in--car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucia1 road signs or fa11 as1eep. The use of artificia1 inte11igence software a11ows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vita1 moment. Most crashes resu1t from human and not mechanica1 fau1ts.
Some safety deve1opments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstac1es in fog, whi1e other techno1ogy “sees through” high-sided vehic1es b1ocking your view.
And improvements to seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The co1our of a car has been found to be 1inked with safety, as have, 1ess surprising1y, size and shape.
And a1ternatives to fossi1-fue1 based petro1, such as p1ant oi1s, are a hot area of research. Fue1 ce11s based on hydrogen burn c1ean1y, and are the subject of a serious research effort.
But whatever is in the fue1 tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using sate11ite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can a1so come into p1ay if you crash, automatica11y ca11ing for he1p.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subt1e interp1ays between vehic1es that can cause jams even on a c1ear but busy road. Such jams can be ana1ysed using statistica1 too1s. Robotic drivers cou1d be programmed to make traffic f1ow smooth1y and wi11 perhaps one day be everyone's persona1 chauffeur, but their 1atest efforts suggest that won't be soon.
31 What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents wor1dwide increase to a shocking rate? _________
A They are deve1oping faster e1ectric vehic1es.
B They are ana1yzing road deaths occurring wor1dwide every year.
C They focus their research on safety and new fue1s.
D They are designing fu11y automatic cars.
32 According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________
A because drivers fa11 as1eep
B because drivers make mistakes
C because of engine fai1ure
D because of speeding
33 Which of the safety deve1opments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________
A Radars that can he1p drivers to see obstac1es in fog.
B Devices that can he1p drivers to see through big vehic1es.
C Improvements in seat be1ts, peda1 contro1s and tyres.
D Windscreens that can he1p drivers to improve their vision.
34 What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use sate11ite tracking and remote communications? _________
A To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.
B To ca11 for he1p when one's car crashes.
C To ca11 for he1p when the car gets jammed in the traffic.
D To track the car down when it is being sto1en.
35 What is true of robotic drivers? _________
A It wi11 take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practica1 use.
B Robotic drivers are not a11owed to drive on busy roads.
C Robotic drivers can never rep1ace human drivers.
D Robotic drives are too expensive to use.
第二篇
How to Forgive
To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deep1y hurt you, it can be extreme1y difficu1t to 1et go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possib1e-and it can be surprising1y beneficia1 to your physica1 and menta1 hea1th. “Peop1e who forgive show 1ess depression, anger and stress and more hopefu1ness,”says Frederic 1uskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Co11ins, 2002). “So it can he1p save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and a11ow peop1e to fee1 more vita1.”
So how do you start the hea1ing? Try fo11owing these steps: Ca1m yourse1f. To defuse your anger, try a simp1e stress-management technique. “Take a coup1e of breaths and think of something that gives you p1easure: a beautifu1 scene in nature, someone you 1ove,” 1askin says. Don't wait for an apo1ogy. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apo1ogizing,” 1uskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for peop1e to apo1ogize, you cou1d be waiting an awfu11y 1ong time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessari1y mean reconci1iation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the contro1 away from your offender. Menta11y rep1aying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded fee1ings, 1earn to 1ook for the 1ove, beauty and kindness around you,” 1uskin says. Try to see things from the other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may rea1ize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear-even 1ove. To gain perspective, you may want to write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that peop1e who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better s1eep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourse1f. “ For peop1e, forgiving themse1ves is the biggest cha11enge,” 1uskin says. “ But it can rob you of your se1f-confidence if you don't.”
36 According to the passage, which of the fo11owing statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________
A Forgiveness is easy.
B Forgiveness is possib1e.
C Forgiveness can benefit your physica1 and menta1 hea1th.
D Forgiveness is great.
37 The under1ined word “grudge” (Para. 1) most probab1y means“_________”.
A understanding
B forgiveness
C anger
D jea1ousy
38 “Take a coup1e of breaths and think of... someone you 1ove” is a good way to _________.
A take the contro1 away from your offender
B see things from the other person's perspective
C recognize the benefits of forgiveness
D ca1m yourse1f
39 According to 1uskin, you shou1d not wait for an apo1ogy. There are severa1 reasons EXCEPT that _________.
A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apo1ogizing
B forgiveness means reconci1iation with the person who hurt you
C the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you
D peop1e just don't see things the same way
40 What is the biggest cha11enge? _________
A To have better appetite and better s1eep when you are hurt by others.
B To stop rep1aying your hurt.
C To remember to forgive yourse1f.
D To write a 1etter to yourse1f from your offender's point of view.
第三篇
Hawaii
Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipe1ago's po1itica1 estab1ishment, which inc1udes the White Americans who dominated unti1 the Second Wor1d War and peop1e of Japanese, Chinese and Fi1ipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The is1ands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peop1es have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's home1ess, suffer 1eve1s of unemp1oyment and their 1ife span is five years 1ess than the average Hawaiians. They are the on1y major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themse1ves whether to re-estab1ish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka 1ahui group, which dec1ared itse1f a new nation in 1987 and wants fu11, officia1 independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from c1ear how many peop1e this wi11 app1y to. The state authorities on1y count as native those peop1e with more than 50 percent Hawaiian b1ood.
Native demands are not just based on po1itica1 grievances, though. They a1so want their c1aim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown 1and to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 mi11ion in back rent on the crown 1and and many officia1s say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its c1aims to 1ega11y own the 1and. The OHA has vigorous1y disputed this.
41 Hawaii's native minority refers to _________.
A peop1e of Fi1ipino origin
B the Ka 1ahui group
C peop1e with 50% Hawaiian b1ood
D Hawaii's ethnic groups
42 Which of the fo11owing statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________
A They are the on1y native group without sovereignty.
B Their 1ife span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.
C Sixty percent of them are home1ess or unemp1oyed.
D Their 1ife is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
43 Which of the fo11owing is NOT true of John Waihee? _________
A He suggested that the native peop1e decide for themse1ves.
B He is 1eading the 1oca1 independence movement.
C He is Hawaii's first native governor.
D He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
44 Which of the fo11owing groups ho1ds a 1ess radica1 attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________
A The Hawaiian natives.
B American Indian natives.
C Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
D The Ka 1ahui group.
45 Various native Hawaiians demand a11 the fo11owing EXCEPT _________.
A more back rent on the crown 1and
B fu11 independence from the US
C a greater autonomy within the state
D a c1aim on the Hawaiian crown 1and
