省略:
1)省略是為了避免重復(fù),保持語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔的一種語(yǔ)法手段。尤其是在口語(yǔ)中,省略是個(gè)普遍現(xiàn)象,例如:
I have heard of the news. So have I.
He didn't go to the concert yesterday. Neither did I.
想一下,為什么以上句子的應(yīng)答部分要采用"倒裝"形式?(見(jiàn)上一節(jié)"倒裝")
此外,此類省略形式的要注意的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:前后時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
2)就職稱考試而言,大家要特別注意由when, while, whether, if, unless, although等引出的狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象,比較:
不省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when he was crossing the street.
省略:The young boy was badly injured by a motorcycle when crossing the street.
(那個(gè)小男孩在穿越馬路時(shí)被一輛摩托車嚴(yán)重撞傷。醫(yī)學(xué)全在.線.提供.)
不省略:If irrigation is not well managed, it can be harmful.
省略:If not well managed, irrigation may be harmful.
(如果管理不當(dāng),灌溉也可能會(huì)造成損害。)
從以上兩個(gè)例子可以歸納出此類從句的省略基本規(guī)則:
只有當(dāng)主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)才能采用省略形式,省略時(shí)將從句的主語(yǔ)連同be動(dòng)詞(若有)一起省略;
如果句子主語(yǔ)與從句的動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,采用-ing形式;如果句子主語(yǔ)與從句的動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,采用-ed形式;
根據(jù)以上規(guī)則,確定以下題目的正確答案:
If ______ a hot bath before sleep, a day's tiredness will soon vanish.(睡前洗個(gè)熱水澡,一天的疲勞很快就會(huì)消失。)
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.you take
解題思路:由于該句主句的主語(yǔ)是"a day's tiredness",不可能發(fā)出"take a hot bath"的行為,故不能采用省略,答案應(yīng)為D.
在if / when / whether + it is necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable 等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),則省去 "it is", 只保留 necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable等,這是習(xí)慣,例如:
Take the medicine when necessary.
注意:英語(yǔ)中一般不能說(shuō):you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等,例如不能說(shuō): Take this medicine when you are necessary, 或Come when you are convenient. (應(yīng)說(shuō):Come when it is convenient to you.)
3)what, when, whether, how等 + to do (be) 的省略形式,例如:
You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do.
(你已經(jīng)是大學(xué)生了,應(yīng)該知道什么該做,什么不該做。)
The train leaves at midnight, but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.
(火車半夜出發(fā),但是目前我們還沒(méi)有決定是否出行。)
但是:why (not) do, 中間不用 "to" 連接,例如:
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?(干嗎不去老師那兒請(qǐng)求幫助?)