第五節(jié) 禁忌癥
本項中最常用的英語表示法是Contraindications，也有用Restrictions on Use（用藥限制)的。
一、本項中涉及到禁用（或慎用)某些藥物的患者或某種特殊情況，例如：
1、孕婦、妊娠期或哺乳期，幼童等：
pregnant woman 孕婦
lactation 哺乳期
in pregnancy 妊娠期
children under …years of age …歲以下兒童
the first trimester (3 months) of pregnancy 妊娠期的最初三個月
2、患有某些疾病或過敏的患者，如：
allergic (hypersensitive) to… 對…過敏的
allergic (anaphylactic) reaction 過敏反應(yīng)
allegy (hypersensitivity) to… 對…過敏
patients with… (who…) 患有…的患者
二、本項中常出現(xiàn)一些疾病名稱，例如：
cardiac failure 心力衰竭
hypertension 高血壓
cardiac (renal) insufficiency 心（腎)功能不全
severe hypotension 嚴(yán)重低血壓
impairment of kidney (renal function) 腎功能損傷
diabetes 糖尿病
liver (hepatic) damage 肝損傷
severe anemia 嚴(yán)重貧血
三、常見句型
1) 省略句型，只列出禁忌對象或疾病名稱等。
例1. Pregnacy, allergy to methotrexate, functional disorders of liver and kidneys, diseases of the haematopoietic system (bone marrow hypoplasia, leucopenia, thrombocy - to penia, anaemia), intectious diseases, ulcers of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract, recent operation wounds.
孕期，對氨甲葉酸過敏，肝、腎功能障礙，血液系統(tǒng)疾病（骨髓機(jī)能減退、白細(xì)胞及血小板減少、貧血)，傳染病，口腔及胃潰瘍，近期術(shù)后傷口等忌用。醫(yī)學(xué) 全在.線提供www.med126.com
例2. Hypersensitivity to quinoiones, severerenal insufficiency.
對喹喏酮類過敏，嚴(yán)重腎功能不全。
2) 完整的句子或段落。其中常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
contraindications are… 禁忌癥是…
be contraindicated in (for) … 對…禁忌
should not be used (employed) in … 不得用于…
It is advisable to avoid the use of … 建議不用于…
must not be administered (given) to… 對…不得用藥
should be used with caution 慎用
be not recommended for… 最好不用于…
none reported 未見報道
not known 不清楚
還可能有一些其他的結(jié)構(gòu)。
例3. Cetazolin sodium is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporin group of antibiotics.
先鋒5號禁用于已知對頭孢菌素類抗生素過敏的患者。
例4. It is advisable to avoid the use of Aramine with cyclo-propane or halothane anesthesia, unless clinical circumstances demand such use.醫(yī).學(xué) 全,在.線,提供www.med126.com
如果不是臨床需要，建議本品不要與環(huán)丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷麻醉劑合用。
例5. Do not take Benemid if prior administration resulted in hypersensitivity Benemid is not recommended for persons with known disorders of the blood or uric acid kidney stones. Do not give Benemid to children under two years of age.
若以前使用丙磺舒曾引起過敏反應(yīng)，則應(yīng)禁用。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性腎結(jié)石的患者建議不要使用本品，二歲以下兒童不得服用。
例6. Phenothiazine compounds should not be used in patients receiving large doses of hypnotics, and should be used, with caution in patients with a history of convulssive disorders, since grand mal convulsions have been known to occur.
接受大劑量安眠藥的患者不應(yīng)使用吩噻嗪化合物，對有驚厥病史的患者應(yīng)慎用，因為已知有發(fā)生過癲癇大發(fā)作。
