摘要的內(nèi)容
摘要的作用：簡(jiǎn)明但稍微具體地反映一篇論文的主要內(nèi)容，供閱讀、編入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等。
摘要構(gòu)成：國(guó)內(nèi)期刊要求：目的、方法、結(jié)果、結(jié)論。國(guó)外, 不同期刊要求不同。如N Engl J Med要求：Background, Method, Result, Conclusion；JAMA則要求：Context (上下文，相當(dāng)于Background), Objective, Design and Setting, Patients, Intervention, Main Outcome Measures, Results, Conclusions. 要求更詳細(xì)而具體，實(shí)際上也可以分成4個(gè)部分。Lancet要求與N Engl J Med基本相同：Bckground, Methods, Findings, Interpretation.
目的
多用動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)表示。如：[Abstract] Objective? To evaluate the reliability of 13C-urea? breath? test (13C-UBT) in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection by using gastroscopy and serum HP antibody testing.
表示目的的這一段文字應(yīng)盡可能避免與文題完全重復(fù)。
常用于表示目的的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)有以下這些：To evaluate …，To explore …，To understand …，To clarify …
To determine …，To compare …，To test the hypothesis that ...
有些期刊(包括國(guó)內(nèi)期刊)在目的這一部分允許加一些背景資料，同時(shí)指出研究目的。例如：Objective Although the potential for life-threatening allergic reactions in children is a significant health concern for schools, there is little information about the circumstances surrounding anaphylactic events that occur in schools. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of anaphylaxis in schools, describe the circumstances around anaphylactic events, assess practices that are used to manage students with life-threatening allergies, and identify opportunities for improvement. (Pediatrics. 2005, 116(5):1134)
在這種情況下，需要用完整的句子表示研究的目的，常見(jiàn)的表示目的的句子和詞語(yǔ)有：The present study aimed at … （接動(dòng)名詞或名詞)
The purpose of this study was to …;
We determined … to clarify …,
We aimed to see …
We conducted the present study to …
The present study was designed to … (conducted to …)等等。
但這里應(yīng)當(dāng)特別指出的是：這類(lèi)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)都應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此外，這種表示研究目的的句子，不是直接接在Objective這一小標(biāo)題后面的。
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