41.【答案】G (These issues all have root causes in human behavior...)
【解析】此題可以通過上下文的銜接和代詞指代來確定答案.空格前一句談到“這種巨大的能源不是當(dāng)今全球問題的主要影響因素,這些問題包括氣候變化、安全、可持續(xù)發(fā)展和健康問題”,空后談到“人類有必要的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)工具來消除饑餓”,空格處應(yīng)該填入的選項(xiàng)可以連接前后句的內(nèi)容,既包括談及到全球問題,又談及到解決問題的選項(xiàng)只有G項(xiàng).該項(xiàng)首句提到的these issues即指代空前所提及的全球問題,以及該項(xiàng)第二句的climate change舉例說明即是空前所列出的問題之一,并且該項(xiàng)提及解決氣候變化的問題,很好的啟示了下文.
42.【答案】C (Despite these factors...)
【解析】本題可以通過連貫性原則和代詞指代來確定答案.上段末句提到“問題也帶有社會(huì)因素:對(duì)食物的組織和分配,財(cái)產(chǎn)和財(cái)富”,空格后談到“這是一種恥辱,社會(huì)應(yīng)該抓住機(jī)會(huì)提升它在真實(shí)世界中的影響”,并且應(yīng)用了社會(huì)科學(xué)家的話語來表明應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng),即:上段末句提到的問題,空前談到存在問題,那么接下來應(yīng)該解決問題,但是空后談到這是一種恥辱,然后糾正應(yīng)該解決問題,所以空格處應(yīng)該承上啟下,表達(dá)沒有解決問題這個(gè)含義,因此C項(xiàng)“盡管存在這些因素,很多社會(huì)科學(xué)家不愿意解決此問題”即為正確選項(xiàng),該項(xiàng)中these factors指代上段末句提到的社會(huì)因素,而“很多科學(xué)家不愿意解決此問題”就是下文提及的this.
43.【答案】B (However, the numbers are still small...)
【解析】本題可以通過原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案.空前一句講到“ the number of papers including.....have increased rapidly ...”,緊接著在選項(xiàng)B中也出現(xiàn)了“the number”,屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn).從邏輯關(guān)系的角度來看,選項(xiàng)B有一個(gè)明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞“however”,這說明其表達(dá)的含義與空前信息相反,該選項(xiàng)提到“the numbers are still small”(數(shù)量非常小),空前信息是“the number ... increased rapidly”(數(shù)量增長非常迅速),兩者在語意上構(gòu)成了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系.所以正確答案為B.
44.【答案】D (During the late 1990s...)
【解析】本題設(shè)在段落中間,可以通過段落一致性代詞指代來確定答案.該段第一句提到:“The problem is not necessarily the amount of availablefunding”,其表達(dá)的含義是:事情的問題不是可用資金的數(shù)目.那接下來要講的內(nèi)容一定和資金有關(guān)系.空后出現(xiàn)了代詞“this is an adequate amount”其含義是:這個(gè)資金數(shù)目是足夠的.那么this指代的內(nèi)容一定和adequate amount相關(guān),而選項(xiàng)D的題干是“nationalspending varied from 4% to 25%”,其表述的內(nèi)容正是資金的總量.因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案.
45.【答案】E (The idea is to force social to integrate...)
【解析】本題設(shè)空在段落中間,應(yīng)瞻前顧后地依據(jù)連貫性原則確定答案.空前的信息是指歐盟提議取消了之前設(shè)定的專門投資支持社會(huì)科學(xué)家的專欄項(xiàng)目,其目的不是為了忽略社會(huì)科學(xué)家,而是完全相反,即文章中的“complete opposite”,根據(jù)語意銜接,接下來會(huì)說明歐盟這一做法的真正目的,并且這一目的對(duì)于社會(huì)科學(xué)家一定是積極的.選項(xiàng)E中的the idea指代空前出現(xiàn)的“it was proposed that...”,即歐盟的提案.除此之外,空后提到了collaborative endeavors,與選項(xiàng)E中的短語integrate with構(gòu)成了同義替換.空后信息中的global problems與選項(xiàng)E中的health and demographic change, food security, ...and secure societies構(gòu)成上下義的關(guān)系,這也是解題的一道線索,因此,正確答案為選項(xiàng)E.
Section III Translation
46. yet, when onelooks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes onethat, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various otherfundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.
【參考譯文】然而,看著無家可歸者繪制出的花園圖片時(shí),人們會(huì)突然想到,盡管這些花園風(fēng)格多樣,它們都顯示了人類除了裝飾和創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)之外的其他各種基本訴求
47. A sacred placeof peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed toshelter, which is a distinctly animal need.
【參考譯文】無論地方多么簡陋不堪,尋求一片靜謐圣土是人類特有的需求,而動(dòng)物需要的僅是僅是避難棲息之地.
48. The gardens ofthe homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urbanenvironment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.
【參考譯文】無家可歸者的樂園,實(shí)際上是一個(gè)毫無家氣息的地方,給城市環(huán)境帶來了一種新的形式..
無家可歸者描繪的花園實(shí)質(zhì)上是無所依附的,這些花園把一種形式引入城市環(huán)境中,而這樣的城市環(huán)境中,形式要么根本不存在, 要么就完全不是以這種明顯的方式存在.
49. most of usgive in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychologicalconditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppressionvanish as if by magic.
【參考譯文】我們大多數(shù)人會(huì)深陷于精神萎靡的狀態(tài),并常常將此歸咎為一些心理原因,直到某天我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身花園中,感到如魔法般煩悶盡消