(一)充當(dāng)定語
分詞常用來修飾名詞或代詞，單個(gè)分詞作定語放在所修飾詞之前，分詞短語作定語放在所修飾詞之后;但有些過去分詞也可放在所修飾詞之后醫(yī)學(xué)全在,線zxtf.net.cn，分詞短語作定語置于句中時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略關(guān)系詞的定語從句。
例句： How many of us attending(=who are attending)， say， a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句。主干部分為How many of us would be interesed in the discussion。 that is irrelevant to us是修飾a meeting的定語從句， say作插入語，可譯為“比方說”， attending... a meeting作定語修飾us。
譯文： 假如我們參加了一個(gè)與我們無關(guān)的會(huì)議，有多少人會(huì)對(duì)討論感興趣呢?
例句： It is easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place(=which takes place)in our everchanging world.
(1999年第3題)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句。it是形式主語，to blame the decline of...是真正的主語，分詞短語taking place in our everchanging world修飾changes。
譯文： 人們很容易把交談減少歸咎于現(xiàn)代生活的節(jié)奏以及在我們這個(gè)不斷變化的世界中所發(fā)生的某些不太清楚的變革。
例句： On the other hand， he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that， while he was a good observer， he had no power of reasoning.
(2008年第48題)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句。在英語中，謂語動(dòng)詞后如果跟了篇幅較長的賓語，往往會(huì)將賓語補(bǔ)足語前置到賓語前面。此句的正常語序是：he(主語)+did not accept(謂語)+the charge(賓語)as well。本句中，分詞短語made by some of his critics修飾charge，that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語從句在說明和解釋charge，其中又包含了一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
譯文： 另一方面，某些人批評(píng)他雖然善于觀察，卻不具備推理能力，而他認(rèn)為這種說法也是缺乏根據(jù)的。
例句： The emphasis on data gathered firsthand (=which have been gathered), combined with (which have been combined with) a crosscultural perspective brought to (= which has been brought to) the analysis of cultures past and present， makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.(2003年第 63題)
分析： 該句是簡單句。主干部分為The emphasis makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science， a unique and distinctly important social science在句中作賓語this study的補(bǔ)足語，gathered firsthand及combined with a crosscultural perspective作定語修飾data， brought to the analysis of cultures past and present作定語修飾perspective。
譯文： 強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料，加上分析過去和現(xiàn)在文化時(shí)采用跨文化視角，使得這種研究成為一門獨(dú)特的并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。
(二)充當(dāng)表語
分詞或分詞短語放在系動(dòng)詞be， become， get， remain， seem， stay后作表語�，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過去分詞作表語則表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。
例句： Mrs. Green has been living in town for only one year， yet she seems to be acquainted with everyone who comes to the store. (1996年第23題)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句。who comes to the store是修飾everyone的定語從句，短語be acquainted with sb.意思為“與某人相識(shí)，熟悉”。
譯文： 格林女士住在城里僅一年，可是，她似乎認(rèn)識(shí)來到這個(gè)商店的每一個(gè)人。
例句： Dozens of scientific groups all over the world have been pursuing the goal of a practical and economical way to use sunlight to split water molecules. (1996年第25題)
分析： 該句是簡單句。介詞短語of a practical and economical way作定語修飾goal，不定式to split water molecules作狀語表示目的。
譯文： 全世界幾十個(gè)科學(xué)團(tuán)體一直在尋求利用太陽光分解水分子既實(shí)用而又經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法。
例句： Consumers seem only mildly concerned， not panicked， and many say they remain optimistic about the economys longterm prospects even as they do some modest belttightening. (選自2004年Text 3)
分析： 該句是復(fù)合句。they remain optimistic about...在句中作say的賓語從句，even as they do some modest belttightening是一讓步狀語從句。
譯文： 消費(fèi)者似乎只是略有擔(dān)心，并不恐慌，許多人還說，即使稍微勒緊褲帶，他們對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展仍然感到樂觀。
