一、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)需要掌握的要點(diǎn)：
1.以下幾類動(dòng)詞一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，同樣不用于完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：
(1)表示感知的動(dòng)詞：hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell；
(2)表示意愿、情感的動(dòng)詞：desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate；
(3)表示思考、看法的動(dòng)詞：believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose；
(4)表示所有、占有的動(dòng)詞：belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容納)；
(5)其他動(dòng)詞：cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。
如：
I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal.
(1997年考研題， belong表示歸屬，不用于進(jìn)行式)
He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.
(1990年考研題，see表示結(jié)果，不用于進(jìn)行式)
2. 不用will/shall表達(dá)將來時(shí)的形式：
(1)be going to表示現(xiàn)在的打算和意圖；
(2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行體表示按計(jì)劃肯定要發(fā)生的將來動(dòng)作；
(3)be to (do)表示安排、計(jì)劃、決定、命令或注定要發(fā)生的事，如：
Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.
(4)be about to (do)表示將要(做)，如：
Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.
(5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“馬上就要”，一般不與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；
(6)be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按日歷或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的將來動(dòng)作或事件，如：
If you want your film to be properly processed, you’ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.
(畫線部分一般不用will be)
(7)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，但要注意區(qū)別從句的類型，如：
I don’t know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪兒。(賓語(yǔ)從句)
I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告訴他你什么時(shí)候再來電話。(賓語(yǔ)從句)
比較：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打電話時(shí)我告訴他。(狀語(yǔ)從句)
(8)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，如：
See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.
(include 不能用will include或其他形式)
